Mortalidad y efectos subletales del extracto de Solanum elaeagnifolium L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), imidacloprid y clorpirifos en larvas de Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Margarita Martínez Maldonado; Fabián García-González; María Berenice González Maldonado; Verónica Ávila Rodríguez; Moises Martínez Estrada

doi:10.21829/azm.2025.4112760

Autores/as

Margarita Martínez Maldonado Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1243-2851
Fabián García-González Universidad Autónoma Chapingo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-6173
María Berenice González Maldonado CIIDIR IPN Durango https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-0478
Verónica Ávila Rodríguez Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-5764
Moises Martínez Estrada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Unidad Monterrey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-9025

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2025.4112760

Palabras clave:

aqueous extract, predators, Chrysopidae, insecticides, toxicity

Resumen

In this study, the toxicity and sublethal effects of an aqueous extract of Solanum elaeagnifolium on Chrysoperla carnea larvae, and of the insecticides imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, were evaluated. Third-instar larvae were exposed to the treatments through ingestion using a modified feeding method under laboratory conditions. The results showed that chlorpyrifos had the highest toxicity, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 10.9 ppm and 100% mortality at 500 ppm. Imidacloprid had an intermediate effect, with an LC₅₀ of 3.6 ppm (which was lower than the lowest concentration tested) and a maximum of 94.4% mortality at 500 ppm, while the S. elaeagnifolium extract had a lower mortality effect, with an LC₅₀ that exceeded the highest concentration tested (>500 ppm) resulting in a maximum mortality of 42.2% at 500 ppm. However, at low concentrations (5-50 ppm), the effect of the botanical extract was similar to the control group, suggesting greater compatibility with the predator compared to broad-range synthetic insecticides. In terms of sublethal effects, S. elaeagnifolium extract caused pupal malformations, delayed adult emergence and caused abdominal necrosis, effects that were not observed with the same magnitude in the synthetic insecticide treatments. These results suggest that S. elaeagnifolium extract at moderate concentrations may be compatible with the natural enemy evaluated, facilitating its integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.

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Citas

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