Complementary but not equivalent: a preliminary assessment of bird communities in rice paddies and floodplain wetlands of the Colombian Caribbean

Dilieth Yiceth Góez-Corpas; Cristian Jos´e Castillo-Peñarredonda

doi:10.21829/azm.2026.4212838

Autores/as

Dilieth Yiceth Góez-Corpas Secretaría de Educación Departamental de Sucre, Gobernación de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9002-2315
Cristian J. Castillo-Peñarredonda Investigador independiente https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-7075

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2026.4212838

Palabras clave:

agroecosistemas, rasgos funcionales, diversidad taxonómica, aves acuáticas

Resumen

Los humedales de llanura aluvial albergan diversas comunidades de aves y sirven como hábitats clave para muchas especies acuáticas y semiacuáticas. Sin embargo, en las regiones tropicales, estos humedales están siendo reemplazados progresivamente por paisajes agrícolas dominados por el cultivo de arroz. Aquí presentamos una evaluación exploratoria de campo sobre la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de aves en arrozales y humedales naturales de llanura aluvial en el Caribe colombiano. Se realizaron censos de aves en 16 sitios de muestreo (11 arrozales y cinco humedales naturales de llanura aluvial) en la subregión de Mojana, en el norte de Colombia, durante una única fase de inundación del ciclo de cultivo de arroz, entre septiembre y octubre de 2024. Cuantificamos la riqueza de especies, el número de individuos y el exponencial del indice Shannon, evaluamos la diversidad funcional utilizando múltiples índices basados en rasgos y evaluamos la diversidad beta taxonómica y funcional entre hábitats. Las medias ponderadas de la comunidad caracterizaron las diferencias a nivel de rasgos en la comunidad de aves. Registramos un total de 922 individuos pertenecientes a 59 especies de aves. Los humedales de llanura aluvial albergaban mayor riqueza de especies, más individuos y riqueza funcional que los arrozales, con 49 especies, 533 individuos y una riqueza funcional de 4,44, respectivamente. Mientras que los arrozales presentaban 33 especies y 389 individuos. En contraste, la diversidad de Shannon, la equitatividad funcional y la divergencia funcional no difirieron significativamente entre hábitats. La composición de la comunidad de aves difirió entre arrozales y humedales de llanura aluvial tanto en dimensiones taxonómicas como funcionales. Los humedales de llanura aluvial se asociaron con especies de mayor tamaño y rasgos vinculados a hábitats acuáticos, mientras que los arrozales se caracterizaron por especies asociadas a entornos modificados por el hombre y estrategias de alimentación invertívoras. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los arrozales inundados pueden contribuir a mantener la diversidad de aves en paisajes de llanura aluvial productivos al proporcionar hábitat para algunas especies asociadas a humedales. Sin embargo, no reemplazan el papel ecológico de los humedales naturales de llanura aluvial.

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Citas

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