A preliminary faunistic study of soil nematodes from different land uses in Tropical Deciduous Forest in the Costa Chica of Guerrero, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2022.3812474Palabras clave:
agricultura de subsistencia, nematodos del suelo, perturbación del suelo, diversidad y abundancia de nematodos, grupos tróficos, CopalaResumen
El Bosque Tropical Caducifolio (BTC) es un importante bioma amenazado por el cambio climático y la invasión humana. Los nematodos del suelo pueden ser indicadores de la perturbación del suelo debido a las actividades humanas. Nuestro objetivo fue presentar un primer inventario sobre la biodiversidad de los nematodos en siete sitios sometidos actualmente a diferentes usos del suelo, o con usos anteriores no perturbados durante diez años. Estos sitios están localizados en el BTC cerca de Copala en la región de la Costa Chica de Guerrero, México. Los paisajes del BTC son especialmente heterogéneos en muchos parámetros de suelo y microclima, mientras que los sistemas agrícolas de subsistencia en este bioma son muy diversos y presentan grandes desafíos para el muestreo con replicación. Debido a esto decidimos observar la fauna de nematodos del suelo como un primer paso antes de empezar el análisis de todos los parámetros abióticos potencialmente relevantes. La diversidad a nivel de género osciló entre 12 y 18 taxones para los usos del suelo muestreados, o 27 taxones en total. Las pruebas estadísticas para el análisis de datos sin replicación revelaron diferencias significativas entre los usos del suelo en la diversidad de nematodos, la estructura trófica y la abundancia. Cuatro sitios dejados en descanso por una década después de varios usos fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre sí y con el sitio forestal no perturbado por veinte años. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas inherentes a este estudio inicial, planteamos la hipótesis de que, en el BTC, algunos efectos en las comunidades de nematodos pueden persistir durante más de una década después de los impactos antropogénicos de la agricultura de subsistencia. Por lo tanto, las futuras encuestas de nematodos de los ecosistemas derivados de un BTC no solo deberían analizar las propiedades actuales de los sitios de muestreo, sino también documentar los datos relacionados con factores de las actividades humanas en el pasado. Entre estos factores, sugeridos por los resultados de nuestro estudio, se deben incluir niveles de pisoteo humano y pastoreo, así como estimaciones de cantidades de deposición de desechos vegetales acumuladas por cosecha o deshierbe.
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