Seroprevalence to and influence of exposure to bovine reproductive disease causative agents on pregnancy and preweaning calf survival of elk (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)

Autores/as

  • Louis C. Bender Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New México State University, Las Cruces, New México, U.S.A.
  • Octavio C. Rosas-Rosas Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus San Luis Potosí. Iturbide #73. Salinas de Hidalgo, S.L.P. 78621. México.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2018.3411178

Palabras clave:

Wapití, patógenos, reproducción, serología

Resumen

Una parte del éxito de las reintroducciones de ciervo wapití (C. elaphus) en México depende de las interacciones y posibles conflictos con el ganado doméstico. Algunos agentes patógenos pueden impactar la reproducción del wapití y al ganado, pero es raro que se considere para los rumiantes silvestres cuando existe un declive en la productividad de la población. Se investigó la exposición a enfermedades de los wapití utilizando un perfil de aborto bovino (e.g. Brucelosis, leptospirosis, rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina, (RIB), diarrea viral bovina, e infección por Neospora sp.), ya que estas enfermedades pueden afectar negativamente a la reproducción de los bovinos y rumiantes silvestres, y el wapití y el ganado frecuentemente co-ocurren. Utilizamos una regresión logística jerárquica para modelar la proporción de preñez de las hembras en periodo de lactancia (un sustituto para la supervivencia de la cría al destete) como una función de la población y la exposición de las enfermedades reproductivas. Se hicieron pruebas a poblaciones de wapití y fueron expuestos a 2-4 de los agentes patógenos evaluados, excepto para la brucelosis, que no estaba presente. La preñez de las hembras osciló entre 0.73-0.96 y la proporción de supervivencia al pre-destete desde 0.40-0.67 entre poblaciones. La época de preñez varió por población en todos los contrastes (P <0,016), pero no por la exposición a cualquier enfermedad (P> 0,213). La proporción de hembras lactantes en otoño no varió entre las poblaciones (P> 0,247), ni por la exposición a cualquier patógeno (P> 0,281). La exposición a patógenos no afectó la productividad del wapití, a pesar de los niveles de exposición que reflejan previos estudios en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y la baja preñez y la sobrevivencia de crías entre algunas poblaciones. Debido a su presencia en todas las poblaciones de wapití en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, si los productores de ganado adyacentes a los sitios de introducción de wapití en México están viendo menos crías que las esperadas, es posible que quieran vigilar su ganado para IBR para ver si BHV-1 puede ser un posible factor contribuyente, ya que el patógeno está relacionado con la reproducción y es probable que esté presente en los wapití.

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16-03-2018

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Bender, L. C., & Rosas-Rosas, O. C. (2018). Seroprevalence to and influence of exposure to bovine reproductive disease causative agents on pregnancy and preweaning calf survival of elk (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.), 34(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2018.3411178
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